Posttraumatic Stress Disorde Among Veterans - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 737 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Veterans Essay Did you like this example? PTSD in US military veterans since the Vietnam War ranged from approximately 2% to 17%. Studies of recent conflicts suggest that combat-related PTSD afflicts between 4% and 17% of US Iraq War veterans, but only 3â€Å"6% of returning UK Iraq War veterans.According to the U.S. Department of Veteran affairs, an average of 20 veterans commit suicide per day. Posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD it is classify as a psychiatric disorder that happens on people that witnesses a traumatic event such as war, natural events and or disaster. (2) Many recent reports have referred to post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury as the signature wounds of the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts. With the increasing of suicide and suicide attempts among returning veterans, (1) from 10.1 in 100.000 to 22.1 in 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder could bring back memories, flashbacks and nightmares, another sign of PTSD is feeling constantly on guard, feeling numb towards things you cared before, thats why people try to avoid everything that could bring them back to the moment or image that caused it all. It could last for more than a month or it could be with them for the rest of their lives. Most of the times a military member doesnt want to talk about what happened because it still hurts or because his family would not understand. After ret urning from war some victims of PTSD can be set off by such things as fire works, loud noises, dogs barking, etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Posttraumatic Stress Disorde Among Veterans" essay for you Create order PTSD is not a new discovery, it has been around since mans has been able to wage war. After World War I it was known as shell shock, in reference to soldiers witnessing the explosion of artillery, damage to the brain was thought to be the cause of it but when more soldiers that were not near an explosion had the same symptoms the way of thinking changed. Treatment varied from soldier to soldier, some were give a couple days off from war and others got extra activity to keep them busy. Water, electroshock and hypnosis were used as a treatment. During War World II shock Shell was changed to Combat Stress Reaction (CSR), it was common on soldier during this war to be exhausted. Four different types of symptoms are related to PTSD: reliving the traumatic event; avoiding situations that are reminders of the event; negative changes in beliefs and feelings; and feeling keyed. PTSD is not actually identified without all four of the symptoms presence at the same time and lasting for at least a month. Huck Flynn From Colorado talked to the New York Time about his experience. On Jan. 11, 1969, my pilot was shot down, captured and executed by the Viet Cong while on a reconnaissance mission near Cao Lanh, Kien Phong Province (now Dong Tap), in Vietnams Mekong Delta. The day of his capture and eventual death, as well as many other aspects of my service in the field, has haunted me throughout my life in the form of severe headaches, nightmares, flash anger and broken relationships. I had fooled myself that I have been able to cope with these memories throughout my life by focusing on my work. But the reality is that I was hesitant to open the doors to the hurt and trauma that seeking help might bring. I am retired now and still try to keep busy, but with time on my hands, my mind invariably moves back, and I cant let it go. I finally took steps to seek genuine help by filing a claim with the V.A. and hope to start serious counseling in the coming weeks. PTSD can fortunately be treated if you seek for help. There are different types of treatment and depends from person to person. Psychotherapy or Medication are used for handling PTSD. Psychotherapy or talk therapy usually last for 3 to 4 months and there are different kind of trauma-focused therapy. Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD: teaches you how to deal and change those feeling or thoughts that upset you, Prolonged Exposure for PTSD: helps you approaching those memories and situations you have been avoiding since the trauma and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for PTSD: processing your trauma while paying attention to back-and-forth movements and sound. Medication for PTSD are usually antidepressant like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). There are the most recommended for PTSD while benzodiazepines are not, they dont improve PTSD symptoms but over time can have serious effects.

Types of Dnr Free Essays

Everyone at any stage of their life can be faced with life changing issues. Should this happen it would be nice for your family to know what your wishes are . Do you want life support? Would you want drugs only used? Does your family know of your wishes? These are not questions that can wait to be addressed. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Dnr or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a family is dealing with their own grief they can not always make your wishes known. There are many ways in which an individual can make their wishes know about end of life care. An advance directive tells your doctor what kind of care you would like to have if you become unable to make medical decisions. With these documents in place decisions are a lot easier on the family members. â€Å"A good advance directive describes the kind of treatment you would want depending on how sick you are,† Sally Austin explained in her article Families making decisions, dying death and DNR status. â€Å"For example, the directives would describe what kind of care you want if you have an illness that you are unlikely to recover from, or if you are permanently unconscious. † Advance directives usually tell your doctor that you don’t want certain kinds of treatment. However, they can also say that you want a certain treatment no matter how ill you are. There are many types of advance directives. Laws about advance directives are different in each state. There are also policies and procedures for each hospital or office, clinic so make sure you know your policy. You should be aware of the laws in your state. If you are in a situation where you have a patient that has a DNR however you do not have it in hand and a code is called most places with perform the code as if no DNR is in place. Therefore a copy must always accompany the patient to whatever department they go to (Edwards, 66). A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is one kind of advance directive. A DNR is a request not to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if your heart stops or if you stop breathing. (Unless given other instructions, hospital staff will try to help all patients whose heart has stopped or who have stopped breathing. ) You can use an advance directive form or tell your doctor that you don’t want to be resuscitated. In this case, a DNR order is put in your medical chart by your doctor. DNR orders are accepted by doctors and hospitals in all states. Most patients who die in a hospital have had a DNR order written for them (Edwards, 66). Patients who are not likely to benefit from CPR include people who have cancer that has spread, people whose kidneys don’t work well, people who need a lot of help with daily activities, or people who have severe infections such as pneumonia that require hospitalization. If you already have one or more of these conditions, you should discuss your wishes about CPR with your doctor, either in the doctor’s office or when you go to the hospital. It’s best to do this early, before you are very sick and are considered unable to make your own decisions. A living will is another type of advance directive( LegacyWriter’s). It only comes into effect when you are terminally ill. Being terminally ill generally means that you have less than six months to live. In a living will, you can describe the kind of treatment you want in certain situations. A living will doesn’t let you select someone to make decisions for you. A Medical Power of Attorney (MPA) is also another kind of advance directive. A MPA states whom you have chosen to make health care decisions for you. It becomes active any time you are unconscious or unable to make medical decisions. A MPA is generally more useful than a living will. But a MPA may not be a good choice if you don’t have another person you trust to make these decisions for you. Families can be faced with life alternating decisions at any time. There are several forms of advanced directives, and since no one knows when they will face theses situations it is a good idea to talk to with family and loved ones so you know their wishes as well they know yours. How to cite Types of Dnr, Papers

Sociology Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction free essay sample

The key features, similarities and differences of Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction. Sociologists analyse social phenomena at different levels and from different perspectives. From concrete interpretations to sweeping generalizations of society and social behaviour, sociologists study everything from specific events, the micro level of analysis of small social patterns, to the big picture, the macro level of analysis of large social patterns. Sociologists today employ three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactions perspective, the functionalist perspective, and the conflict perspective. These perspectives offer sociologists theoretical paradigms for explaining how society influences people, and vice versa. Each perspective uniquely conceptualizes society, social forces, and human behaviour. This essay will focus on two of the three perspectives: on the functionalism and the symbolic interaction perspective. Functionalism is a macro structural theory that studies sociology as a whole. It sees society as a system with inter-related structures working together to meet the needs of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Functionalism focuses on an individual’s role within society and, more specifically, on the institutions which make up that society. The father of functionalism is Emile Durkheim who focused on social facts, social structures, cultural norms, and values, all of which he argued are external to the individual. Social facts as a key feature are referring to concept; expectations that come not from individual responses and preferences but from society which socializes each of its members. The purpose of social fact is that it coerces an individual to think, act and behave in a manner that is not what they would naturally for example they develop knowledge through institutions such as the political system, education system , family, religion, economy and the legal system. Furthermore individual behaviour is constrained by language: while we know language internally we are constrained still by it, so there is a different way to communicate according to gender, age, profession, social class or region. Another social fact is suicide. According to Durkheim’ people have a certain level of attachment to their groups, which he calls social integration. Abnormally high or low levels of social integration may result in increased suicide rates; low levels have  this effect because low social integration results in disorganized society, causing people to turn to suicide as a last resort, while high levels cause people to kill themselves to avoid becoming burdens on society’ (Durkheim, Suicide, 1897 in Sociology Guide) Durkheim explores the differing suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics, explaining that stronger social control among Catholics results in lower suicide rates. Functionalises argue that there is a value consensus within social systems and believe that without a collective consensuses of shared values and beliefs, achieving social order is impossible and social order is crucial for the well-being of society. According to functionalise, value consensus forms the basic integrating principle in society. As a result if members of society have shared values they consequently have similar identities which helps them to cooperate and avoid conflict. Children learn roles from their family. By this the son is expected to take the role/job of his father as the daughter is expected to cook and clean same as her mother. The role taking of the family is created to socialise the new members and teaches them the norms and values essential to the social life and to functioning together to make society work as a whole. The churchs role according to the functionalist plays a major role in holding society together by giving the members agreed values and beliefs with blessedness and through rituals. Value consensus also suggests that people have shared goals, roles and norms. Norms can be described as specific guidelines of appropriate behaviour, for example queuing when buying things. ‘Social rules or norms reflect Durkheim’s social facts in that govern individual behaviour’ (Nisbet, 1976). Although these regulations are often coercive and include various forms of social controls like punishment, sanctions, social approval or social disapproval, they are also generally agreed by society. According to this theory this is because individuals realise that this is for their benefit and for the benefits of the whole society. Another example would be how in the UK society most people agree that clothes should be worn in public. Functionalism demonstrates how social structures direct human behaviour and how the major institutions, such as religion, economy and education work together to make a society stable and functioning. Symbolic interaction it is a micro perspective action theory. It focuses attention on the way people interact through symbols like words, gestures, rules and roles. According to this theory an understanding of human conduct requires study of covert behaviour as human being are active in shaping their behaviour; they are humanized by interaction with other people and their interactions are carried on through the symbols and their meanings. One of the key features in the symbolic interaction is symbols and labels, which simply means that we can make one thing represent another. Symbolic interaction proposes that people have an idea about a subject even without seeing it. For example, when individual are asked to draw a table they immediately have a similar picture of a table in their mind. This symbolic system must be shared to work, in fact it is essential for everybody in the society to agree on what the word for ‘table’ should be. Different countries and cultures have a different symbolic language to name the same things. The ability to symbolise things around us open up huge possibilities for social behaviour and interaction. Everybody is unique and individual so to communicate with each other people use symbols in language. Humans are born with the ability to learn language and once they absorb it they can interact with the society, it enables them to have a discussion, share their thoughts and opinions. Self-concept is another key feature of symbolic interaction which proposes that when people interact they interpret the meanings and intentions of other people. For example if a person observes another smiling, crying, waving, or shaking a first they will put themselves in that person’s position in order to interpret the intention and meaning. On the basis of this interpretation they will decide their appropriate response. ‘Mead understood that human communication involves seeing yourself from other people’s point of view. How, for example, do you interpret your mother’s smile? Does it mean â€Å"I love you†, I find you humorous†, or something else entirely?. According to Mead, you can find the answer by using your imagination to take your mother’s point of view for a moment and see yourself as see you. In other words, you must see yourself objectively as a â€Å"me† to understand your mother’s communication act’ ( Brym, Lie, 2009) Mead goes on to argue that without this ability to be aware of the ‘self’ people could not direct action or respond to the action of others. According to this view thought is an inner conversation with the self. By becoming ‘self-conscious’ people can direct their own actions thoughts and deliberations. This sense of self allows individuals to be able to cooperate with each other by being aware of what is expected of them. In this way individuals initiate and direct their own action while at the same time being influenced by the actions and expectations of others. These are two of the three major perspectives on sociology. Each of them understands society and social phenomena in a very different way. Functionalism looks at the large structures in the society at a macro level, while symbolic interactions is a micro-level analysis which looks at the way in which individuals act within society. According to the functionalist perspective, everything in a society has a role that is necessary for the functioning of the society. This means that even poverty and economic inequality, for example, play an important role in keeping our society stable. Symbolic interactions do not ask about such ‘big picture’ questions such as why poverty persists, instead it looks at how individuals act. It proposes that people attach meanings to various things that they see as symbols in our society. They then act in ways that accord with the meaning that they attribute to those symbols. For example, ‘why would young people smoke cigarettes even when all objective medical evidence points to the dangers of doing so? The answer is in the definition of the situation that people create. Studies find that teenagers are well informed about the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, that they themselves will be safe from harm, and that smoking projects a positive image to their peers.

Of Mice and Men Essay Example

Of Mice and Men Essay Example Of Mice and Men Paper Of Mice and Men Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men† is a book depicting the effects of the 1930 Great Depression. Unemployment rates were at their height. Workers were constantly travelling around the country, moving from job to job, which left them no time to bond or build relationships with their fellow workers. A key theme running through the book is loneliness, symbolised by the place where the novella is set, the town of Soledad, which means â€Å"solitude†. The theme of loneliness is explored in a variety of different ways and in a highly sophisticated and nuanced fashion. Loneliness is shown as occurring in people for a number of different reasons, for example racism, social rejection, etc. This essay will discuss how Steinbeck presents loneliness within the first 3 sections of this novella. One character who is very lonely is Candy. Candy’s only friend is his dog who Candy is persuaded to have put down. George and Lenny escape isolation by having each other and are therefore happy to live alienated from the rest of the world. Candy had his dog and yet this does not compensate for his loneliness. When his dog is killed, he is left with no-one. He therefore wants to be part of their dream, and tries to persuade them by making a will and; â€Å"leave my share to guys in case I kick off†. This shows his wish not to be alone. In addition we see Candy’s loneliness when he says: â€Å"A guy on a ranch don’t never listen nor don’t he ask no questions†. The use of the phrase â€Å"guy on a ranch† suggests that ranch workers, as a collective unit, are lonely. This attitude is brought out earlier in the book when George says: â€Å"Guys like us are the loneliest guys in the world†. Steinbeck conveys the idea that all ranch workers are lonely, and for a man to keep to himself is the social norm. Another character who is portrayed as very lonely is Curly’s wife but for very different reasons. Curly’s wife seeks the attention of any man she meets. She is the only women on the ranch and feels mistreated by her husband. She tries to flirt with the other men perhaps to make Curly feel small and neglected, or maybe because she feels lonely and isolated on the ranch. Firstly, in section 3 she says; â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely†. This immediately gives us the impression that she is lonely. She feels isolated and she lacks human interaction. Furthermore, the fact that she married Curly makes her even more isolated as he gives her little freedom and controls every aspect of her life. This is shown by the fact that she is given no name, rather named â€Å" Curly’s wife† suggesting she belongs to him, thus highlighting his control over her life. In contrast to these characters we see a friendship between George and Lenny built on necessity and genuine affection. Although George becomes angry at Lenny in section 1: â€Å"I got you! You can’t keep a job and you lose me every job I get†, his care for Lennie is highlighted by his adamant request for Lennie to stay with him when he threatens to leave him; â€Å" no look I was just fooling! † the imperative shows the urgency and plea and the punctuation emphasises this. This desperate plea for Lenny to stay with suggests that they George does really want to be with him, regardless of what he says. However their relationship is ambiguous. Although George shows affection towards Lennie, he often talks about wanting to be alone. In portraying George’s desire for solitude, Steinbeck shows that solitude and loneliness are different things. Solitude is not necessarily always a bad thing yet loneliness is. In conclusion, I believe that not all of the characters in â€Å" Of Mice and Men† are lonely although loneliness is a major theme in the novella.

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds

The Main Types of Chemical Bonds Atoms are the basic building blocks of all types of matter. Atoms link to other atoms through chemicals bonds resulting from the strong attractive forces that exist between the atoms. A chemical bond is a region that forms when electrons from different atoms interact with each other. The electrons that participate in chemical bonds are the valence electrons, which are the electrons found in an atoms outermost shell. When two atoms approach each other these outer electrons interact. Electrons repel each other, yet they are attracted to the protons within atoms. The interplay of forces results in some atoms forming bonds with each other and sticking together. Main Types of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds formed between atoms are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when one atom accepts or donates one or more of its valence electrons to another atom. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons. The atoms do not always share the electrons equally, so a polar covalent bond may be the result. When electrons are shared by two metallic atoms a metallic bond may be formed. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. The electrons that participate in metallic bonds may be shared between any of the metal atoms in the region. Predict Type of Chemical Bond Based on Electronegativity If the electronegativity values of two atoms are similar: Metallic bonds form between two metal atoms.Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Nonpolar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are very similar, while polar covalent bonds form when the electronegativity values are a little further apart. If the electronegativity values of two atoms are different, ionic bonds are formed.

Compare and contrast the two accounts. What is the perspective of each Essay

Compare and contrast the two accounts. What is the perspective of each text How does Diamant change or add to the Genesis narrative Why - Essay Example very important to anyone who reads this novel to read also the Bible, so that he will be guided by the chronological events, the characters and the existing facts that might be destroyed, if a reader will just be depended or hooked to the ideas and emotions the novel injects. The reference here is the scripture, which will be the real basis of the discussion, and relatively how the novel, The Red Tent made slight changes to the biblical story line. By then, a reader will be equipped with the necessary understanding on how a margin line can be created from both, such that will separate what is scriptural and a historical fiction. Speaking of fiction, The Red Tent is a thing that could be appreciated. Any person who loves fiction can easily grasp and understand the point of view of the author. It is expected that from the original text, a novel can add and modify the real content in order to create the twist of what the true story is, and then produce a beautiful piece without necessarily referring from the actual facts. From the title of the novel, it will lead us to the idea that the whole novel would not really be a Biblical fact. The term â€Å"red tent† where allegedly Dinah and her mothers gather together is only a creative thing added by the author of the novel itself. In the novel, the red tent is the place where Hebrew women gathered together during their menstrual periods, and as they gather share thoughts, ideas and their womanly experiences in life. The portrayal in the story attempts to make us visualize a designated place for women exclusively made for them to hide themselves from the com munity during their monthly periods. Biblically, it is not true that there is an intended place particularly for women to gather during their monthly period. Scriptural account from the book of the Bible shows that a woman during her menstrual cycle would stay on her tent until menstruation end, but not particularly red tent. Another point is, the practice of

Consulting in Organizations... for In and Out Advertising Essay

Consulting in Organizations... for In and Out Advertising - Essay Example The today's business world is changing in a very fast rate. The market expansion, advancement in technology, mergers and acquisitions, need for business restriction, financial constriction and government's legislation are calling for charges in business so that they can keep page with the new dynamic world. To find markets for their products organization's needs to advertise so as to create awareness of the products availability to the general customers, advertisement can be done locally, regionally, nationally and internationally depending on the type of products to be advertised. The report carries different theories that are appropriated for effective advertising in an organization. The theories covered under this report include, PESTEL, SWOT analysis, the Senge's five learning disciplines and porter's five forces. Political factor/ environment will include the tax policies by the government, government's business regulation; imposed trade tariffs and restrictions among others. Any business organization is supposed to known the tax policies affecting various regions this will help them in estimating the advertising costs in every region this evaluating its importance. The business organization is also supposed to know the government's business regulation so as to know the type of products to deal with and how to ... The business organization is also supposed to know the government's business regulation so as to know the type of products to deal with and how to advertise for the same, they also ought to know imposed tariffs and restrictions which will provide important guide on the regions on which advertisement can be done. The organization can apply the political dogma which is a set of philosophy, ethics and supposition within a given society. The political factor emerges as the most tumultuous in all the environmental forces. Any business organization needs to equip itself with the knowledge on the prevailing political climate whether locally, internationally, nationally and regionally. The political climate plays a great role in determining and evaluating the likelihood of business failure or business success. If the political climate is unstable then it will affect product's marketability affecting negatively on the total sales volume. In such a scenario it is not advisable for firms to extend their advertisement on such regions experiencing political instability. Such advertising efforts may not yield anything for the company translating into huge loses in terms of advertising in a region / nation that is politically stable will yield more success to the company a thing that enhances advertising. (Ansoff, 1965) The business organization needs to know how the economic factor affects its business enterprise, for example, if the business is being operated under a small economy then it means that greater efforts need to be applied on advertising so as to increase the sales volume. This can be extended up to the international level so as to